Emerging Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in the Repair of Acute Kidney Injury | Newswise
Newswise — Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid deterioration in kidney function and has a significant impact on patient health and survival. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to enhance renal function by suppressing the expression of cell cycle inhibitors and reducing the expression of senescence markers and microRNAs via paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. MSC-derived exosomes can alleviate AKI symptoms by regulating DNA damage, apoptosis, and other related signaling pathways through the delivery of proteins, microRNAs, long-chain noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. This technique is both safe and effective. MSC-derived exosomes may have great application prospects in the treatment of AKI. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will foster the development of new and promising therapeutic strategies against AKI. This review focused on recent advancements in the role of MSCs in AKI repair as well as the mechanisms underlying the role of MSCs and their secreted exosomes. It is anticipated that novel and profound insights into the functionality of MSCs and their derived exosomes will emerge.
Key Words: Mesenchymal stem cells; Exosomes; Delivery of molecules; Acute kidney injury; Repair
Core Tip: Exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells are increasingly recognized for their small size, lack of cellular components, stability, enhanced biocompatibility, and reduced toxicity. In studies of experimental acute kidney injury, exosomes have shown great potential in terms of their safety and efficacy as well as their ability to modulate gene expression and transcription in recipient cells.
