Officers were called to the Co-op store on Archers Road on Friday after a report of theft and assault were made at around 6.20pm.
A police spokesperson said: “We were called at 6.22pm yesterday, June 20, to a report of a shoplifting incident at the Co-op store on Archers Road.
“It was reported that items worth £175.80 had been stolen and a man had been assaulted.
“A man was then restrained inside the store.”
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They added: “Officers attended the scene and a 36-year-old man, of no fixed abode, was arrested on suspicion of theft from a shop and assault by beating.
“He remains in custody while our enquiries continue.”
This comes after a string of Southampton Co-op stores were raided by thieves earlier this year.